The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 17, sentence 43
This speech discouraged us much, and we began to lament over our sad fate.
Who acts: speech, we, our · What happens: discourage, begin, lament, fate · To what, where: us, sad fate
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (speech, we, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 speech | det |
| 2 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 discouraged | nsubj |
| 3 | discouraged | discourage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 discouraged | obj |
| 5 | much | much | ADV | _ | 3 discouraged | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 began | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 began | cc |
| 8 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 began | nsubj |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 discouraged | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 lament | mark |
| 11 | lament | lament | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 began | xcomp |
| 12 | over | over | ADP | _ | 15 fate | case |
| 13 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 fate | nmod:poss |
| 14 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 fate | amod |
| 15 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lament | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 discouraged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discourage | past | this speech | us | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | we | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | lament | to-infinitive | we not said here | our sad fate | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | fate | our | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/17/43/