The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 18, sentence 84
It seemed to me a long time before I was once more set upon my feet by the elephant, and I stood as if in a dream watching the herd, which turned and trampled off in another direction, and were soon hidden in the dense underwood.
Who acts: It, I, herd · What happens: seem, be, stand, watch, turn, trample off · To what, where: me, herd, dream, direction, dense underwood
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, I, herd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 seemed | nsubj |
| 2 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 me | case |
| 4 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 seemed | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 time | det |
| 6 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 time | amod |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 seemed | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 13 set | mark |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 set | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 set | cop |
| 11 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 12 more | advmod |
| 12 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 13 set | advmod |
| 13 | set | set | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 seemed | advcl |
| 14 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 16 feet | case |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 feet | nmod:poss |
| 16 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 set | obl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 elephant | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 elephant | det |
| 19 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 set | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 stood | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 stood | cc |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 stood | nsubj |
| 23 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 seemed | parataxis |
| 24 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 watching | mark |
| 25 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 29 watching | mark |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 dream | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 dream | det |
| 28 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 watching | obl |
| 29 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 stood | advcl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 herd | det |
| 31 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 watching | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 turned | punct |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 turned | nsubj |
| 34 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 herd | acl:relcl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 trampled | cc |
| 36 | trampled | trample | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 turned | conj |
| 37 | off | off | ADP | _ | 36 trampled | compound:prt |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 direction | case |
| 39 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 40 direction | det |
| 40 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 trampled | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 hidden | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 hidden | cc |
| 43 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 hidden | aux:pass |
| 44 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 45 hidden | advmod |
| 45 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 stood | conj |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 underwood | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 underwood | det |
| 48 | dense | dense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 underwood | amod |
| 49 | underwood | underwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 hidden | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 seemed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | past | It | me | time | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | past | I | upon my feet; by the elephant; set property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stand | past | I | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | watch | gerund | I not said here | the herd | a dream | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Theme | |||
| 5 | turn | past | the herd | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | trample off | participle | the herd not said here | another direction | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | hide | past · passive | I not said here | the dense underwood | soon property | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: in underwood=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/18/84/