The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 21, sentence 30
At first the violence of his fall caused him to lose consciousness, but luckily the salt which had been rubbed into his wounds had by its smarting preserved his life, and little by little he regained his strength.
Who acts: violence, door, salt, smarting · What happens: cause, lose, rub, have, preserve, regain · To what, where: door, consciousness, salt, wounds, life, little
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (violence, door, salt, smarting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 first | case |
| 2 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 caused | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 violence | det |
| 4 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 caused | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 fall | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 fall | nmod:poss |
| 7 | fall | fall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 violence | nmod |
| 8 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 caused | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 lose | mark |
| 11 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 caused | xcomp |
| 12 | consciousness | consciousness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lose | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 had | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 had | cc |
| 15 | luckily | luckily | ADV | _ | 17 salt | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 salt | det |
| 17 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 had | nsubj |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 rubbed | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 rubbed | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 rubbed | aux:pass |
| 21 | rubbed | rub | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 salt | acl:relcl |
| 22 | into | into | ADP | _ | 24 wounds | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 wounds | nmod:poss |
| 24 | wounds | wound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 rubbed | obl |
| 25 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 caused | conj |
| 26 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 29 preserved | mark |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 smarting | nmod:poss |
| 28 | smarting | smarting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 preserved | nsubj |
| 29 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 had | advcl |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 life | nmod:poss |
| 31 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 preserved | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 regained | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 regained | cc |
| 34 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 regained | obl:unmarked |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 little | case |
| 36 | little | little | ADV | Degree=Pos | 38 regained | obl |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 regained | nsubj |
| 38 | regained | regain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 caused | conj |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 strength | nmod:poss |
| 40 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 regained | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | the violence of violence's fall | door | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lose | to-infinitive | door not said here | consciousness | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consciousness=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | rub | past · perfect · passive | the salt | door's wounds | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into wound=Destination | ||||
| 4 | have | past | the salt | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | preserve | past | salt's smarting | door's life | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | regain | past | door | little | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme | ||||
| 7 | wound | door | nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | smart | salt | nom smarting «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/21/30/