The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 8, sentence 31
I was taught first to read and write, and then to learn the Koran, which is the basis of our holy religion, and the better to understand it, I read with my tutors the ablest commentators on its teaching, and committed to memory all the traditions respecting the Prophet, which have been gathered from the mouth of those who were his friends.
Who acts: I, Koran, traditions · What happens: teach, read, write, learn, be, understand · To what, where: I, Koran, basis, traditions, Prophet, mouth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Koran, traditions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | aux:pass |
| 3 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 taught | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 read | mark |
| 6 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 taught | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 write | cc |
| 8 | write | write | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 read | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 learn | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 learn | cc |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 learn | advmod |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 learn | mark |
| 13 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 taught | parataxis |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Koran | det |
| 15 | Koran | Koran | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 learn | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 basis | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 basis | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 basis | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 basis | det |
| 20 | basis | basis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Koran | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 religion | case |
| 22 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 religion | nmod:poss |
| 23 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 religion | amod |
| 24 | religion | religion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 basis | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 better | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 better | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 better | det |
| 28 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 learn | parataxis |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 understand | mark |
| 30 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 better | csubj |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 understand | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 read | punct |
| 33 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 read | nsubj |
| 34 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | conj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 tutors | case |
| 36 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 tutors | nmod:poss |
| 37 | tutors | tutor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 read | obl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 commentators | det |
| 39 | ablest | able | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 40 commentators | amod |
| 40 | commentators | commentator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 tutors | nmod |
| 41 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 teaching | case |
| 42 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 teaching | nmod:poss |
| 43 | teaching | teaching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 commentators | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 committed | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 committed | cc |
| 46 | committed | committed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 read | conj |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 memory | case |
| 48 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 committed | obl |
| 49 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 51 traditions | det:predet |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 traditions | det |
| 51 | traditions | tradition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 read | obl |
| 52 | respecting | respect | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 51 traditions | acl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 Prophet | det |
| 54 | Prophet | Prophet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 respecting | obj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 gathered | punct |
| 56 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 59 gathered | nsubj:pass |
| 57 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 59 gathered | aux |
| 58 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 59 gathered | aux:pass |
| 59 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 Prophet | acl:relcl |
| 60 | from | from | ADP | _ | 62 mouth | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 mouth | det |
| 62 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 gathered | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 those | case |
| 64 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 62 mouth | nmod |
| 65 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 68 friends | nsubj |
| 66 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 68 friends | cop |
| 67 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 68 friends | nmod:poss |
| 68 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 those | acl:relcl |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | past · passive | I | first property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | read | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | write | infinitive | I not said here | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | learn | to-infinitive | the Koran | then | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent koran=Topic | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | the Koran | the basis | of our holy religion | tree rules | |||
| 6 | understand | to-infinitive | Koran | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | read | present | I | all traditions | with my tutors the ablest commentators on Koran's teaching | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 8 | respect | gerund | all traditions not said here | the Prophet | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer prophet=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | gather | present · perfect · passive | the Prophet | the mouth of those | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from mouth=Source | ||||
| 10 | is a | past | King's friends | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | teach | Koran | nom teaching «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/8/31/