The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 8, sentence 33
But what I liked best of all was writing Arabic characters, and in this I soon surpassed my masters, and gained a reputation in this branch of knowledge that reached as far as India itself.
Who acts: I, best, knowledge · What happens: like, write, surpass, gain, reach · To what, where: Arabic characters, masters, reputation
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, best, knowledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 liked | cc |
| 2 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 liked | obj |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 liked | nsubj |
| 4 | liked | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 writing | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 all | case |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 best | nmod |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 writing | aux |
| 9 | writing | write | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 liked | ccomp |
| 10 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 characters | compound |
| 11 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 writing | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 surpassed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 surpassed | cc |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 this | case |
| 15 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 surpassed | obl |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 surpassed | nsubj |
| 17 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 surpassed | advmod |
| 18 | surpassed | surpass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 liked | conj |
| 19 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 masters | nmod:poss |
| 20 | masters | master | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 surpassed | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 gained | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 gained | cc |
| 23 | gained | gain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 surpassed | parataxis |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 reputation | det |
| 25 | reputation | reputation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gained | obj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 branch | case |
| 27 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 branch | det |
| 28 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gained | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 knowledge | case |
| 30 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 branch | nmod |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 reached | nsubj |
| 32 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 knowledge | acl:relcl |
| 33 | as | as | ADV | _ | 34 far | advmod |
| 34 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 reached | advmod |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 36 India | case |
| 36 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 far | obl |
| 37 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 36 India | nmod:unmarked |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 liked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | like | past | I | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | write | past · progressive | best of all | Arabic characters | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent character=Theme | ||||
| 3 | surpass | past | I | my masters | in this; soon property | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot master=Theme in this=Attribute | |||
| 4 | gain | past | a reputation | in this branch of knowledge | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient reputation=Extent in branch=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | reach | past | knowledge | far property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/8/33/