Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Leap-frog, sentence 28

And then he began chirping his peculiar melancholy song, from which we have taken this history; and which may, very possibly, be all untrue, although it does stand here printed in black and white.

Who acts: Grasshopper, we, exterior · What happens: begin, chirp, take, be, stand, print · To what, where: peculiar melancholy song, history, black

This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Leap-frog. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grasshopper, we, exterior), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	4 began	cc
2	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 began	advmod
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 began	nsubj
4	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	chirping	chirp	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 began	xcomp
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 song	nmod:poss
7	peculiar	peculiar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 song	compound
8	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 song	compound
9	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 chirping	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 taken	punct
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 taken	obl
13	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 taken	nsubj
14	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 taken	aux
15	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 began	conj
16	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	17 history	det
17	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 taken	obj
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 untrue	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 untrue	cc
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 untrue	nsubj
21	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 untrue	aux
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 possibly	punct
23	very	very	ADV	_	24 possibly	advmod
24	possibly	possibly	ADV	_	28 untrue	advmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 possibly	punct
26	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	28 untrue	cop
27	all	all	ADV	_	28 untrue	advmod
28	untrue	untrue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 began	parataxis
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 stand	punct
30	although	although	SCONJ	_	33 stand	mark
31	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 stand	nsubj
32	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 stand	aux
33	stand	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 untrue	conj
34	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	33 stand	advmod
35	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	33 stand	xcomp
36	in	in	ADP	_	37 black	case
37	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 printed	obl
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 white	cc
39	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 black	conj
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 began	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	past	Grasshopper			then		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	chirp	gerund	Grasshopper not said here	Grasshopper's peculiar melancholy song				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent song=Theme
3	take	present · perfect	we	this history				vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent history=Theme from which=Initial_Location
4	is	may					all, possibly, untrue property	tree rules
5	stand	present · do-support	exterior		here			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
6	print	participle	exterior not said here		black			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in black=Destination
7	sing		Grasshopper					nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/16/28/