Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1, sentence 18
Each country possesses certain stories which have special reference to its own manners and customs, and by collecting such tales as these, something approximating to a picture of its national life may be laboriously pieced together.
Who acts: country, certain stories · What happens: possess, have, collect, approximate, piece together · To what, where: certain stories, special reference, such tales, something
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country, certain stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 country | det |
| 2 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 possesses | nsubj |
| 3 | possesses | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 stories | amod |
| 5 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 possesses | obj |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 have | nsubj |
| 7 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 stories | acl:relcl |
| 8 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 reference | amod |
| 9 | reference | reference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 have | obj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 manners | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 manners | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 manners | amod |
| 13 | manners | manners | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 7 have | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 customs | cc |
| 15 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 manners | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 collecting | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 collecting | cc |
| 18 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 19 collecting | mark |
| 19 | collecting | collect | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 possesses | advcl |
| 20 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 tales | amod |
| 21 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 collecting | obj |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 these | case |
| 23 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 19 collecting | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 something | punct |
| 25 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 37 pieced | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | approximating | approximate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 something | acl |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 picture | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 picture | det |
| 29 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 approximating | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 life | case |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 life | nmod:poss |
| 32 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 life | amod |
| 33 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 picture | nmod |
| 34 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 pieced | aux |
| 35 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 pieced | aux:pass |
| 36 | laboriously | laboriously | ADV | _ | 37 pieced | advmod |
| 37 | pieced | piece | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 collecting | ccomp |
| 38 | together | together | ADV | _ | 37 pieced | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 possesses | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | possess | present | each country | certain stories | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot story=Theme | ||||
| 2 | have | present | certain stories | special reference | to country's own manners and customs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reference=Patient | |||
| 3 | collect | gerund | each country not said here | such tales | as these | tree rules | |||
| 4 | approximate | gerund | to a picture of country's national life | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | piece together | may · passive | something | laboriously, together property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/11/18/