Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 4, sentence 74
Only vague apparitions, dream-like phantoms, are supposed, as a general rule, to issue from graves in which nothing more substantial than ashes has been laid.
What happens: suppose, lay · To what, where: vague apparitions, nothing
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 apparitions | advmod |
| 2 | vague | vague | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 apparitions | amod |
| 3 | apparitions | apparition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 supposed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 phantoms | punct |
| 5 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 like | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 like | punct |
| 7 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 phantoms | amod |
| 8 | phantoms | phantom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 apparitions | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 apparitions | punct |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 supposed | aux:pass |
| 11 | supposed | suppose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 rule | punct |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 rule | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 rule | det |
| 15 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rule | amod |
| 16 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 supposed | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 issue | punct |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 issue | mark |
| 19 | issue | issue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 supposed | parataxis |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 graves | case |
| 21 | graves | grave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 issue | nmod |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 which | case |
| 23 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 24 nothing | det |
| 24 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 31 laid | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 substantial | advmod |
| 26 | substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 nothing | amod |
| 27 | than | than | ADP | _ | 28 ashes | case |
| 28 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 substantial | obl |
| 29 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 laid | aux |
| 30 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 laid | aux:pass |
| 31 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 graves | acl:relcl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 supposed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suppose | present · passive | vague apparitions and like phantoms | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | lay | present · perfect · passive | nothing | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/54/74/