The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 4
Now and then he would see a thin fin, like a big shark’s fin, drifting along close to shore, and he knew that that was the Killer Whale, the Grampus, who eats young seals when he can get them; and Kotick would head for the beach like an arrow, and the fin would jig off slowly, as if it were looking for nothing at all.
Who acts: King, that, Grampus, fin · What happens: see, drift along, know, be, eat, get · To what, where: thin fin, Killer Whale, young seals, seals, arrow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, that, Grampus, fin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 see | advmod |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 see | cc |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 see | advmod |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 see | nsubj |
| 5 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 see | aux |
| 6 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 fin | det |
| 8 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 fin | amod |
| 9 | fin | fin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 see | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 fin | punct |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 16 fin | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 shark | det |
| 13 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 shark | amod |
| 14 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fin | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 14 shark | case |
| 16 | fin | fin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 see | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 drifting | punct |
| 18 | drifting | drift | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 fin | conj |
| 19 | along | along | ADV | _ | 20 close | advmod |
| 20 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 drifting | xcomp |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 shore | case |
| 22 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 close | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 knew | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 knew | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 knew | nsubj |
| 26 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 see | parataxis |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 Whale | mark |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 Whale | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 Whale | cop |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Whale | det |
| 31 | Killer | Killer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Whale | compound |
| 32 | Whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knew | ccomp |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Grampus | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 Grampus | det |
| 35 | Grampus | Grampus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Whale | appos |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 eats | punct |
| 37 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 eats | nsubj |
| 38 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 Grampus | acl:relcl |
| 39 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 seals | amod |
| 40 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 eats | obj |
| 41 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 44 get | advmod |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 get | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 get | aux |
| 44 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 eats | advcl |
| 45 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 get | obj |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 head | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 head | cc |
| 48 | Kotick | Kotick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 head | compound |
| 49 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 50 head | aux |
| 50 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 see | obl |
| 51 | for | for | ADP | _ | 53 beach | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 beach | det |
| 53 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 head | nmod |
| 54 | like | like | ADP | _ | 56 arrow | case |
| 55 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 56 arrow | det |
| 56 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 beach | nmod |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 jig | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 jig | cc |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 fin | det |
| 60 | fin | fin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 jig | nsubj |
| 61 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 62 jig | aux |
| 62 | jig | jig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 arrow | acl:relcl |
| 63 | off | off | ADP | _ | 62 jig | compound:prt |
| 64 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 62 jig | advmod |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 looking | punct |
| 66 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 70 looking | mark |
| 67 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 70 looking | mark |
| 68 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 looking | nsubj |
| 69 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 70 looking | aux |
| 70 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 62 jig | advcl |
| 71 | for | for | ADP | _ | 72 nothing | case |
| 72 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 70 looking | obl |
| 73 | at | at | ADP | _ | 74 all | case |
| 74 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 72 nothing | nmod |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | would | King | a thin fin | now; then | Kotick head for the beach like a arrow obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fin=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | drift along | gerund | King not said here | close property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | know | past | King | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | that | the Killer Whale | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | eat | present | the Grampus | young seals | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Patient | ||||
| 6 | get | can | King | seals = seal | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | jig off | would | the fin | a arrow not said here | slowly property | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme arrow=Destination | |||
| 8 | look | past · progressive | fin | for nothing | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for nothing=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/4/