The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 60
Little Toomai looked, holding his breath, with his eyes starting out of his head, and as he looked, more and more and more elephants swung out into the open from between the tree trunks.
Who acts: Little Toomai, eyes, Toomai, more elephants · What happens: look, hold, start out, swing out · To what, where: breath, head, open
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Toomai, eyes, Toomai, more elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Toomai | amod |
| 2 | Toomai | Toomai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 holding | punct |
| 5 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 looked | advcl |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 breath | nmod:poss |
| 7 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 holding | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 eyes | punct |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 eyes | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 11 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 holding | obl |
| 12 | starting | start | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 eyes | acl |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 head | case |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 head | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 head | nmod:poss |
| 16 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 starting | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 looked | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 looked | cc |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 21 looked | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 looked | nsubj |
| 21 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 looked | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 more | punct |
| 23 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 21 looked | advmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 more | cc |
| 25 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 23 more | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 swung | cc |
| 27 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 28 elephants | amod |
| 28 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 swung | nsubj |
| 29 | swung | swing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 looked | conj |
| 30 | out | out | ADV | _ | 29 swung | advmod |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 open | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 open | det |
| 33 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 swung | obl |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 trunks | case |
| 35 | between | between | ADP | _ | 38 trunks | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 trunks | det |
| 37 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 trunks | compound |
| 38 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 swung | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | Little Toomai | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | hold | gerund | Little Toomai not said here | Toomai's breath | with Toomai's eyes | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | |||
| 3 | start out | gerund | Toomai's eyes not said here | Toomai's head | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | look | past | Toomai | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | swing out | past | more elephants | the open | from the tree trunks; out property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into open=Source from trunk=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/60/