The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 63

There were white-tusked wild males, with fallen leaves and nuts and twigs lying in the wrinkles of their necks and the folds of their ears; fat, slow-footed she-elephants, with restless, little pinky black calves only three or four feet high running under their stomachs; young elephants with their tusks just beginning to show, and very proud of them; lanky, scraggy old-maid elephants, with their hollow anxious faces, and trunks like rough bark; savage old bull elephants, scarred from shoulder to flank with great weals and cuts of bygone fights, and the caked dirt of their solitary mud baths dropping from their shoulders; and there was one with a broken tusk and the marks of the full-stroke, the terrible drawing scrape, of a tiger’s claws on his side.

Who acts: white tusked wild males, twigs, tusks, mud baths, caked dirt · What happens: be, tusk, fall, lie, run, begin · To what, where: wrinkles, stomachs, shoulder, shoulders, one, full stroke

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white tusked wild males, twigs, tusks, mud baths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 were	expl
2	were	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 males	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 white	punct
5	tusked	tusk	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 males	amod
6	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 males	amod
7	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 were	nsubj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 leaves	punct
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 leaves	case
10	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 leaves	amod
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 males	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 nuts	cc
13	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 males	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 twigs	cc
15	twigs	twig	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 males	conj
16	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 twigs	acl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 wrinkles	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 wrinkles	det
19	wrinkles	wrinkle	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 lying	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 necks	case
21	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 necks	nmod:poss
22	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 wrinkles	nmod
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 folds	cc
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 folds	det
25	folds	fold	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 necks	conj
26	of	of	ADP	_	28 ears	case
27	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 ears	nmod:poss
28	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 folds	nmod
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 fat	punct
30	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 were	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 footed	punct
32	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 footed	amod
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	32 slow	punct
34	footed	footed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 fat	acl:relcl
35	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 footed	nsubj
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	35 she	punct
37	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 she	conj
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 calves	punct
39	with	with	ADP	_	45 calves	case
40	restless	restless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 calves	amod
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 restless	punct
42	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 pinky	amod
43	pinky	pinky	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 calves	nsubj
44	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 calves	amod
45	calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 elephants	appos
46	only	only	ADV	_	47 three	advmod
47	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	50 feet	nummod
48	or	or	CCONJ	_	49 four	cc
49	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	47 three	conj
50	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 high	obl:unmarked
51	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 calves	conj
52	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	51 high	advcl
53	under	under	ADP	_	55 stomachs	case
54	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	55 stomachs	nmod:poss
55	stomachs	stomach	NOUN	Number=Plur	52 running	obl
56	;	;	PUNCT	_	58 elephants	punct
57	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 elephants	amod
58	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 were	nsubj
59	with	with	ADP	_	61 tusks	case
60	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	61 tusks	nmod:poss
61	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 elephants	nmod
62	just	just	ADV	_	63 beginning	advmod
63	beginning	begin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	61 tusks	acl
64	to	to	PART	_	65 show	mark
65	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	63 beginning	xcomp
66	,	,	PUNCT	_	69 proud	punct
67	and	and	CCONJ	_	69 proud	cc
68	very	very	ADV	_	69 proud	advmod
69	proud	proud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 elephants	conj
70	of	of	ADP	_	71 them	case
71	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	69 proud	obl
72	;	;	PUNCT	_	73 lanky	punct
73	lanky	lanky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	69 proud	conj
74	,	,	PUNCT	_	79 elephants	punct
75	scraggy	scraggy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	79 elephants	amod
76	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	78 maid	amod
77	-	-	PUNCT	_	76 old	punct
78	maid	maid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	79 elephants	amod
79	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	69 proud	obl
80	,	,	PUNCT	_	85 faces	punct
81	with	with	ADP	_	85 faces	case
82	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	85 faces	nmod:poss
83	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	85 faces	amod
84	anxious	anxious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	85 faces	amod
85	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	79 elephants	conj
86	,	,	PUNCT	_	88 trunks	punct
87	and	and	CCONJ	_	88 trunks	cc
88	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 elephants	conj
89	like	like	ADP	_	91 bark	case
90	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	91 bark	amod
91	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	88 trunks	nmod
92	;	;	PUNCT	_	96 elephants	punct
93	savage	savage	ADJ	Degree=Pos	96 elephants	amod
94	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	96 elephants	amod
95	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	96 elephants	compound
96	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 elephants	conj
97	,	,	PUNCT	_	98 scarred	punct
98	scarred	scar	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	58 elephants	conj
99	from	from	ADP	_	100 shoulder	case
100	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	98 scarred	obl
101	to	to	PART	_	102 flank	mark
102	flank	flank	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	98 scarred	advcl
103	with	with	ADP	_	105 weals	case
104	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	105 weals	amod
105	weals	weal	NOUN	Number=Plur	102 flank	obl
106	and	and	CCONJ	_	107 cuts	cc
107	cuts	cut	NOUN	Number=Plur	105 weals	conj
108	of	of	ADP	_	110 fights	case
109	bygone	bygone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	110 fights	amod
110	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	107 cuts	nmod
111	,	,	PUNCT	_	129 one	punct
112	and	and	CCONJ	_	129 one	cc
113	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	115 dirt	det
114	caked	cake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	115 dirt	amod
115	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	129 one	nsubj
116	of	of	ADP	_	120 baths	case
117	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	120 baths	nmod:poss
118	solitary	solitary	NOUN	Number=Sing	119 mud	compound
119	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	120 baths	compound
120	baths	bath	NOUN	Number=Plur	115 dirt	nmod
121	dropping	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	120 baths	acl
122	from	from	ADP	_	124 shoulders	case
123	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	124 shoulders	nmod:poss
124	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Plur	121 dropping	obl
125	;	;	PUNCT	_	128 was	punct
126	and	and	CCONJ	_	128 was	cc
127	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	128 was	expl
128	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	129 one	cop
129	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	58 elephants	conj
130	with	with	ADP	_	133 tusk	case
131	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	133 tusk	det
132	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	133 tusk	amod
133	tusk	tusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	129 one	nmod
134	and	and	CCONJ	_	136 marks	cc
135	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	136 marks	det
136	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	133 tusk	conj
137	of	of	ADP	_	141 stroke	case
138	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	141 stroke	det
139	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	141 stroke	amod
140	-	-	PUNCT	_	139 full	punct
141	stroke	stroke	NOUN	Number=Sing	136 marks	nmod
142	,	,	PUNCT	_	146 scrape	punct
143	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	146 scrape	det
144	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	146 scrape	amod
145	drawing	drawing	NOUN	Number=Sing	146 scrape	compound
146	scrape	scrape	NOUN	Number=Sing	133 tusk	conj
147	,	,	PUNCT	_	152 claws	punct
148	of	of	ADP	_	152 claws	case
149	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	150 tiger	det
150	tiger	tiger	NOUN	Number=Sing	152 claws	nmod:poss
151	’s	's	PART	_	150 tiger	case
152	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 elephants	conj
153	on	on	ADP	_	155 side	case
154	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	155 side	nmod:poss
155	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	152 claws	nmod
156	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 were	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	past	white tusked wild males and fallen leaves and nuts and twigs		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	tusk	participle					tree rules
3	fall	participle					vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	lie	gerund	twigs not said here		the wrinkles of males's necks and the folds of males's ears		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in wrinkle=Location
5	run	gerund	white tusked wild males and fallen leaves and nuts and twigs not said here		males's stomachs		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under stomach=Trajectory
6	begin	gerund	males's tusks not said here				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
7	show	to-infinitive	males's tusks not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	scar	participle	white tusked wild males and fallen leaves and nuts and twigs not said here		shoulder		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	flank	to-infinitive	white tusked wild males and fallen leaves and nuts and twigs not said here			with great weals and cuts of bygone fights	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
10	cake	participle					tree rules
11	drop	gerund	elephants's mud baths not said here		elephants's shoulders		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from shoulder=Trajectory
12	is a	past	the caked dirt of elephants's mud baths	one		with a broken tusk and the marks of the full stroke and the terrible drawing scrape	tree rules
13	break	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
14	mark			the full stroke			nom mark «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/63/