The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 30

“Forty years and five,” said Machua Appa, “have I followed my lord, the elephant, but never have I heard that any child of man had seen what this child has seen.

Who acts: Forty years, child · What happens: say, follow, not have, hear, see · To what, where: lord, child · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Forty years, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct
2	Forty	forty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 years	nummod
3	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 said	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 five	cc
5	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 years	appos
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 five	punct
7	”	"	PUNCT	_	5 five	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	Machua	Machua	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
10	Appa	Appa	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Machua	flat
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 followed	punct
12	“	"	PUNCT	_	15 followed	punct
13	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 followed	aux
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 followed	nsubj
15	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 said	conj
16	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 lord	nmod:poss
17	lord	lord	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 followed	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 elephant	punct
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 elephant	det
20	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lord	appos
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 have	punct
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	24 have	cc
23	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	24 have	advmod
24	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	ccomp
25	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 heard	nsubj
26	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 have	parataxis
27	that	that	SCONJ	_	33 seen	mark
28	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	29 child	det
29	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 seen	nsubj:pass
30	of	of	ADP	_	31 man	case
31	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 child	nmod
32	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 seen	aux
33	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 heard	ccomp
34	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	38 seen	obl
35	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	36 child	det
36	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 seen	nsubj
37	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 seen	aux
38	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	33 seen	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Forty years		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	follow in a quote	present	Forty years = year	my lord	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lord=Theme
3	not have in a quote	present			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	hear in a quote	past	Forty years = year		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
5	see in a quote	past · perfect · passive		any child of man	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
6	see in a quote	present · perfect	this child		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/18/30/