Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Anne Lisbeth, sentence 154
The ravens croaked as the raven had done which she saw in the daytime, but now she understood what they said. "
Who acts: raven, crosses · What happens: croak, do, see, understand, say · To what, where: ravens, daytime · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Anne Lisbeth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raven, crosses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ravens | det |
| 2 | ravens | raven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 croaked | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | croaked | croak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 done | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 raven | det |
| 6 | raven | raven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 done | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 done | aux |
| 8 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 croaked | advcl |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 saw | obj |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 done | ccomp |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 daytime | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 daytime | det |
| 14 | daytime | daytime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 saw | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 understood | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 understood | cc |
| 17 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 understood | advmod |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 understood | nsubj |
| 19 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 croaked | parataxis |
| 20 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 22 said | obj |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 understood | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 croaked | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 croaked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | croak | participle · passive | the ravens | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | do | past · perfect | the raven | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | see | past | raven | the daytime | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | understand | past | raven | now | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | crosses = cross | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/5/154/