Just so stories, How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin, sentence 10
He said, ‘How!’ and the Parsee left that cake and climbed to the top of a palm tree with nothing on but his hat, from which the rays of the sun were always reflected in more-than-oriental splendour.
Who acts: Rhinoceros, Parsee · What happens: say, leave, climb, reflect, ray · To what, where: hat, rays, more oriental splendour, sun · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rhinoceros, Parsee), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 How | punct |
| 4 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 How | punct |
| 5 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 left | advmod |
| 6 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 How | punct |
| 7 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 How | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 left | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Parsee | det |
| 10 | Parsee | Parsee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 left | nsubj |
| 11 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | ccomp |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 cake | mark |
| 13 | cake | cake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 left | advcl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 climbed | cc |
| 15 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 top | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 top | det |
| 18 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 climbed | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 tree | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 tree | det |
| 21 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 tree | compound |
| 22 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 top | nmod |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 nothing | case |
| 24 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 15 climbed | obl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 hat | case |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 hat | cc |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 hat | nmod:poss |
| 28 | hat | hat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 climbed | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 reflected | punct |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 which | case |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 reflected | obl |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 rays | det |
| 33 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 reflected | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 sun | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 sun | det |
| 36 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 rays | nmod |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 reflected | aux:pass |
| 38 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 39 reflected | advmod |
| 39 | reflected | reflect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 climbed | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 splendour | case |
| 41 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 46 splendour | amod |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 more | punct |
| 43 | than | than | ADP | _ | 41 more | fixed |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 more | punct |
| 45 | oriental | oriental | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 splendour | compound |
| 46 | splendour | splendour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 reflected | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Rhinoceros | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | leave | past | the Parsee | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | climb | past | Rhinoceros not said here | Rhinoceros's hat | to the top of a palm tree; with nothing | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination | |||
| 4 | reflect | past · passive | the rays of the sun | more oriental splendour | always property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | ray | the sun | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/4/10/