Just so stories, How the Leopard Got His Spots, sentence 46
Presently he heard a grunt and a crash and a scramble, and the Ethiopian called out, ‘I’ve caught a thing that I can’t see.
Who acts: Zebra, I · What happens: hear, call out, catch, not see · To what, where: grunt, Ethiopian, I, thing
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Leopard Got His Spots. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zebra, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Presently | presently | ADV | _ | 3 heard | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 grunt | det |
| 5 | grunt | grunt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 crash | cc |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 crash | det |
| 8 | crash | crash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grunt | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 scramble | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 scramble | det |
| 11 | scramble | scramble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crash | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 called | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 called | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Ethiopian | det |
| 15 | Ethiopian | Ethiopian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 called | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 heard | conj |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 called | compound:prt |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 caught | punct |
| 19 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 caught | punct |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | ’ve | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 caught | aux:pass |
| 22 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 heard | conj |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 thing | det |
| 24 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 caught | obj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 see | obj |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 see | nsubj |
| 27 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 see | aux |
| 28 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 see | advmod |
| 29 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 thing | acl:relcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Zebra | a grunt and a crash and a scramble | presently property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer grunt=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | call out speech: assert | participle · passive | the Ethiopian | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | catch | present · passive | I | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary thing=Theme | |||||
| 4 | not see | can | I | a thing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/5/46/