Just so stories, How the First Letter Was Written, sentence 177
But from that day to this (and I suppose it is all Taffy’s fault), very few little girls have ever liked learning to read or write.
Who acts: I, fuss · What happens: suppose, be, like, learn, read, write · To what, where: fault, few little girls · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the First Letter Was Written. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, fuss), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 suppose | cc |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 day | case |
| 3 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 day | det |
| 4 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 suppose | obl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 this | case |
| 6 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 day | nmod |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 suppose | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 suppose | cc |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 suppose | nsubj |
| 10 | suppose | suppose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 fault | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 fault | cop |
| 13 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 Taffy | det |
| 14 | Taffy | Taffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 fault | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 14 Taffy | case |
| 16 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 suppose | ccomp |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 fault | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 liked | punct |
| 19 | very | very | ADV | _ | 20 few | advmod |
| 20 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 girls | amod |
| 21 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 girls | amod |
| 22 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 liked | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 liked | aux |
| 24 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 25 liked | advmod |
| 25 | liked | like | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 suppose | advcl |
| 26 | learning | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 liked | xcomp |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 read | mark |
| 28 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 learning | xcomp |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 write | cc |
| 30 | write | write | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 read | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 suppose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suppose | present | I | day | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | fuss | all Taffy's fault | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | like | present · perfect · passive | few little girls | ever | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | learn not said to happen | gerund | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 5 | read | to-infinitive | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | write | infinitive | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/9/177/