Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 23
And Iván Tsarévich answered him, “O my friend, the grey Wolf, how shall it be to me, the doughty youth, not to weep, not to be afflicted?
Who acts: Iván, sun · What happens: answer, be, not weep, not afflict · To what, where: Tsarévich · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 answered | cc |
| 2 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 answered | nsubj |
| 3 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Iván | flat |
| 4 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 answered | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 friend | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 friend | punct |
| 8 | O | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 10 friend | case |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 friend | nmod:poss |
| 10 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 answered | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Wolf | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Wolf | det |
| 13 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 Wolf | amod |
| 14 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 friend | appos |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 me | punct |
| 16 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 me | advmod |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 me | aux |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 me | nsubj |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 me | cop |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 me | case |
| 21 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 friend | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 youth | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 youth | det |
| 24 | doughty | doughty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 youth | amod |
| 25 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 friend | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 weep | punct |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 weep | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 weep | mark |
| 29 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 answered | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 afflicted | punct |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 afflicted | advmod |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 afflicted | mark |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 afflicted | aux:pass |
| 34 | afflicted | afflict | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 weep | advcl |
| 35 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: ask | past | Iván | Tsarévich | my friend and the doughty youth conj | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | shall | sun | to Iván | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not weep in a quote | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | not afflict in a quote | to-infinitive · passive | Iván not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/23/