Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 61
Those robbers saw Ilyá Múromets, and were envious in their robber-like hearts for his knightly horse, and began to speak amongst themselves how they might take that horse; for steeds so fine were not seen in those parts, and now some unknown man was passing by on one.
Who acts: robbers, woods, unknown man · What happens: see, be, begin, speak, take, not see · To what, where: Ilyá, like hearts, horse, steeds, parts · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (robbers, woods, unknown man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 robbers | det |
| 2 | robbers | robber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 5 | Múromets | Múromet | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 Ilyá | flat |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 envious | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 envious | cc |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 envious | cop |
| 9 | envious | envious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 saw | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 hearts | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 hearts | nmod:poss |
| 12 | robber | robber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 like | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 robber | punct |
| 14 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 hearts | amod |
| 15 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 envious | obl |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 horse | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 horse | nmod:poss |
| 18 | knightly | knightly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 horse | amod |
| 19 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hearts | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 began | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 began | cc |
| 22 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 saw | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 speak | mark |
| 24 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 began | xcomp |
| 25 | amongst | amongst | ADP | _ | 26 themselves | case |
| 26 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 24 speak | obl |
| 27 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 take | advmod |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 take | nsubj |
| 29 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 take | aux |
| 30 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 speak | advcl |
| 31 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 horse | det |
| 32 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 take | obj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 steeds | punct |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 steeds | case |
| 35 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 37 fine | advmod |
| 37 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 steeds | amod |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 seen | aux:pass |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 seen | advmod |
| 40 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 began | parataxis |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 parts | case |
| 42 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 43 parts | det |
| 43 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 seen | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 passing | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 passing | cc |
| 46 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 51 passing | advmod |
| 47 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 49 man | det |
| 48 | unknown | unknown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 man | amod |
| 49 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 passing | nsubj |
| 50 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 passing | aux |
| 51 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 saw | conj |
| 52 | by | by | ADP | _ | 54 one | case |
| 53 | on | on | ADP | _ | 54 one | case |
| 54 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 51 passing | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | that robbers | Ilyá | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ilyá=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | that robbers not said here | woods's like hearts for Ilyá's knightly horse | envious property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | begin | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | to-infinitive | amongst woods = wood | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | take | might | woods = wood | that horse | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination | ||||
| 6 | not see | past · passive | steeds | that parts | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | pass | past · progressive | some unknown man | now | by one | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by one=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/31/61/