Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 80
At last Ilyá arrived at the nest, which was spread above twelve oaks, and the Nightingale Robber was sitting in the nest, saw the white Russian knight approaching, and began to whistle with all of his might, essaying to smite Ilyá Múromets to death.
Who acts: Nightingale Robber, white Russian knight · What happens: arrive, spread, sit, see, approach, begin · To what, where: last Ilyá, nest, twelve oaks, white Russian knight, Ilyá Múromets
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nightingale Robber, white Russian knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 Ilyá | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Ilyá | amod |
| 3 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 arrived | obl |
| 4 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 nest | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 nest | det |
| 7 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 arrived | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 spread | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 spread | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 spread | aux:pass |
| 11 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 nest | acl:relcl |
| 12 | above | above | ADP | _ | 14 oaks | case |
| 13 | twelve | twelve | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 oaks | nummod |
| 14 | oaks | oak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spread | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sitting | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 sitting | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Robber | det |
| 18 | Nightingale | Nightingale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Robber | compound |
| 19 | Robber | Robber | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 sitting | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 sitting | aux |
| 21 | sitting | sit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 arrived | advcl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 nest | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 nest | det |
| 24 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sitting | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 saw | punct |
| 26 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 arrived | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 knight | det |
| 28 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 knight | amod |
| 29 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 knight | amod |
| 30 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 saw | obj |
| 31 | approaching | approach | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 knight | acl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 began | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 began | cc |
| 34 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 arrived | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 whistle | mark |
| 36 | whistle | whistle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 began | xcomp |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 all | case |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 whistle | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 might | case |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 might | nmod:poss |
| 41 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 all | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 essaying | punct |
| 43 | essaying | essay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 began | advcl |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 smite | mark |
| 45 | smite | smite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 essaying | xcomp |
| 46 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Múromets | compound |
| 47 | Múromets | múromet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 smite | obj |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 49 death | case |
| 49 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 smite | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 arrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | past | last Ilyá | at the nest | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | spread | past · passive | the nest | twelve oaks | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme above oak=Destination | ||||
| 3 | sit | past · progressive | the Nightingale Robber | the nest | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in nest=Location | ||||
| 4 | see | past | the white Russian knight | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knight=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | approach | gerund | the white Russian knight not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | begin | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 7 | whistle | to-infinitive | with all | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with all=Theme | |||||
| 8 | essay | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 9 | smite | to-infinitive | Ilyá Múromets | to death result | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent múromet=Patient to death=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/31/80/