Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 41, sentence 19
At least two of the heroes of the ballad cycle, Don Ivánovich and Sukhán Odikhmántevich, are in some aspects direct personifications of the rivers, whilst the river-gods exercise a direct and vital influence over the fortunes of several others, such as Vasíli Buslávich and Dobrýnya Nikítich.
Who acts: river gods · What happens: be, exercise · To what, where: two aspects, direct influence, fortunes, direct personifications
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 least | case |
| 2 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 two | nmod |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 aspects | nummod |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 heroes | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 heroes | det |
| 6 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 two | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 cycle | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cycle | det |
| 9 | ballad | ballad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cycle | compound |
| 10 | cycle | cycle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 heroes | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Don | punct |
| 12 | Don | Don | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 cycle | appos |
| 13 | Ivánovich | Ivánovich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Don | flat |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 Sukhán | cc |
| 15 | Sukhán | Sukhán | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Don | conj |
| 16 | Odikhmántevich | Odikhmántevich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Sukhán | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Don | punct |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 aspects | cop |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 aspects | case |
| 20 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 aspects | det |
| 21 | aspects | aspect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 personifications | nsubj |
| 22 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 personifications | amod |
| 23 | personifications | personification | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 rivers | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 rivers | det |
| 26 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 personifications | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 exercise | punct |
| 28 | whilst | whilst | SCONJ | _ | 33 exercise | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 gods | det |
| 30 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 gods | compound |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 river | punct |
| 32 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 exercise | nsubj |
| 33 | exercise | exercise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 personifications | acl:relcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 influence | det |
| 35 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 influence | amod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 vital | cc |
| 37 | vital | vital | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 direct | conj |
| 38 | influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 exercise | obj |
| 39 | over | over | ADP | _ | 41 fortunes | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 fortunes | det |
| 41 | fortunes | fortune | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 exercise | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 others | case |
| 43 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 others | amod |
| 44 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 fortunes | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Vasíli | punct |
| 46 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 48 Vasíli | case |
| 47 | as | as | ADP | _ | 46 such | fixed |
| 48 | Vasíli | Vasíli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 others | nmod |
| 49 | Buslávich | Buslávich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Vasíli | flat |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 Dobrýnya | cc |
| 51 | Dobrýnya | Dobrýnya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Vasíli | conj |
| 52 | Nikítich | Nikítich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 Dobrýnya | flat |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 personifications | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | some two aspects | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | exercise | present | the river gods | a direct influence | the fortunes of several others such Vasíli and Dobrýnya | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/41/19/