Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 5, sentence 101
When the tailor saw his ill-fate coming so near him, for they were nearer and nearer, he cried out to the top one: “It is nobody’s fault, only the manx-wolf’s!”
Who acts: tailor, ill fate, WOLF, fate · What happens: see, come, be, cry out, fate · To what, where: ill fate, top one, fault · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tailor, ill fate, WOLF, fate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 tailor | det |
| 3 | tailor | tailor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 cried | advcl |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 fate | nmod:poss |
| 6 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 fate | amod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 ill | punct |
| 8 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obj |
| 9 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 saw | xcomp |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 coming | advmod |
| 11 | near | near | ADP | _ | 12 him | case |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 coming | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 nearer | punct |
| 14 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 17 nearer | mark |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 nearer | nsubj |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 nearer | cop |
| 17 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 saw | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 nearer | cc |
| 19 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 nearer | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 cried | nsubj |
| 22 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 cried | compound:prt |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 one | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 one | det |
| 26 | top | top | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 one | amod |
| 27 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 cried | obl |
| 28 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 34 fault | punct |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 fault | punct |
| 30 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 fault | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 fault | cop |
| 32 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 34 fault | nmod:poss |
| 33 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 32 nobody | case |
| 34 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 cried | parataxis |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 ’s | punct |
| 36 | only | only | ADV | _ | 41 ’s | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ’s | det |
| 38 | manx | manx | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 wolf | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 manx | punct |
| 40 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 ’s | compound |
| 41 | ’s | ' | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 fault | appos |
| 42 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 41 ’s | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 fault | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the tailor | TAILOR's ill fate | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come | gerund | TAILOR's ill fate not said here | near TAILOR | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near he=Location | ||||
| 3 | is | past | WOLF | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | WOLF not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | cry out speech: express | past | TAILOR | the top one | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to one=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | fate | nobody's fault | nobody nmod:poss; the wolf ’s appos | tree rules | |||
| 7 | fate | TAILOR | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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