The Violet Fairy Book, The Underground Workers, sentence 28
The little blacksmiths were clad in leather aprons, which covered them from their necks to their feet in front, and left their backs naked.
What happens: clad, cover, leave · To what, where: little blacksmiths, leather aprons, blacksmiths, necks, backs
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Underground Workers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 blacksmiths | det |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 blacksmiths | amod |
| 3 | blacksmiths | blacksmith | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 clad | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 clad | aux:pass |
| 5 | clad | clad | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 aprons | case |
| 7 | leather | leather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 aprons | compound |
| 8 | aprons | apron | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 clad | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 covered | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 covered | nsubj |
| 11 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 clad | advcl |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 covered | obj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 necks | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 necks | nmod:poss |
| 15 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 covered | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 feet | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 feet | nmod:poss |
| 18 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 covered | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 front | case |
| 20 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 covered | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 left | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 left | cc |
| 23 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 clad | parataxis |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 backs | nmod:poss |
| 25 | backs | back | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 left | obj |
| 26 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 left | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 clad | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | clad | past · passive | the little blacksmiths | leather aprons | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cover | past | blacksmiths = blacksmith | blacksmiths's necks | to blacksmiths's feet; in front | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Destination in front=Theme | |||
| 3 | leave | past | blacksmiths's backs | naked property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/25/28/