The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 12, sentence 33
He went so far that at last he began to think his labor was in vain; yet he felt compelled to proceed, till he came to some steep craggy rocks, which completely prevented any further progress.
Who acts: Prince, labor, steep craggy rocks · What happens: go, begin, think, be, feel, compel · To what, where: last, steep craggy rocks, further progress · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, labor, steep craggy rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 went | nsubj |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 far | advmod |
| 4 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 went | advmod |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 last | mark |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 last | case |
| 7 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 went | obl |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 began | nsubj |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 last | acl:relcl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 think | mark |
| 11 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 began | xcomp |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 labor | nmod:poss |
| 13 | labor | labor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 vain | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 vain | cop |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 vain | case |
| 16 | vain | vain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 think | ccomp |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 felt | punct |
| 18 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 20 felt | cc |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 felt | nsubj |
| 20 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 went | parataxis |
| 21 | compelled | compel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 felt | xcomp |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 proceed | mark |
| 23 | proceed | proceed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 compelled | xcomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 came | punct |
| 25 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 27 came | mark |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 came | nsubj |
| 27 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 felt | conj |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 rocks | case |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 rocks | det |
| 30 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 rocks | amod |
| 31 | craggy | craggy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 rocks | amod |
| 32 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 came | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 prevented | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 prevented | nsubj |
| 35 | completely | completely | ADV | _ | 36 prevented | advmod |
| 36 | prevented | prevent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 rocks | acl:relcl |
| 37 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 39 progress | det |
| 38 | further | further | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 progress | amod |
| 39 | progress | progress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 prevented | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | Prince | last | far property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at last=Location | |||
| 2 | begin | past | Prince | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | think speech: other | to-infinitive | Prince not said here | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | Prince's labor | vain property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | feel | past | Prince | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | compel | participle | Prince not said here | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result | |||||
| 7 | proceed | to-infinitive | Prince not said here | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | come | past | Prince | some steep craggy rocks | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial_Location | ||||
| 9 | prevent | past | some steep craggy rocks | any further progress | completely property | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer progress=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/12/33/