The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 24
Taking some crumbs, he threw them beneath the tree, and the bird flew down and ate them.
Who acts: luncheon, bird · What happens: take, throw, fly down, eat · To what, where: crumbs, tree
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (luncheon, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 threw | advcl |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 crumbs | det |
| 3 | crumbs | crumb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Taking | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Taking | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 threw | nsubj |
| 6 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 threw | obj |
| 8 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 10 tree | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 tree | det |
| 10 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 threw | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 flew | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 flew | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 bird | det |
| 14 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 flew | nsubj |
| 15 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 threw | conj |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 flew | compound:prt |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 ate | cc |
| 18 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 flew | conj |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 ate | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | gerund | luncheon not said here | some crumbs | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme | ||||
| 2 | throw | past | luncheon | crumbs = crumb | the tree | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent they=Theme beneath tree=Destination | |||
| 3 | fly down | past | the bird | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | eat | past | the bird not said here | crumbs = crumb | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/19/24/