The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 25
Cautioning his courtiers to make no noise, he gradually approached the gaily clad bird, which, to his surprise, did not fly away.
Who acts: luncheon, gaily clad bird · What happens: caution, make, approach, not fly away, surprise · To what, where: courtiers, noise, gaily clad bird
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (luncheon, gaily clad bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cautioning | caution | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 approached | advcl |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 courtiers | nmod:poss |
| 3 | courtiers | courtier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Cautioning | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 make | mark |
| 5 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Cautioning | advcl |
| 6 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 noise | det |
| 7 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 make | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Cautioning | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 approached | nsubj |
| 10 | gradually | gradually | ADV | _ | 11 approached | advmod |
| 11 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 bird | det |
| 13 | gaily | gaily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 bird | amod |
| 14 | clad | clad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 bird | amod |
| 15 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 approached | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 fly | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 fly | nsubj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 which | punct |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 surprise | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 surprise | nmod:poss |
| 21 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fly | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 surprise | punct |
| 23 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 fly | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 fly | advmod |
| 25 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 bird | acl:relcl |
| 26 | away | away | ADV | _ | 25 fly | advmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 approached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | caution speech: other | gerund | luncheon not said here | luncheon's courtiers | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent courtier=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | luncheon not said here | no noise | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product | ||||
| 3 | approach | past | luncheon | the gaily clad bird | gradually property | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | |||
| 4 | not fly away | past · do-support | the gaily clad bird | to luncheon's surprise result; away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to surprise=Result | ||||
| 5 | surprise | luncheon | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/19/25/