Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 41
The king and his chiefs made a gulf between their past and their future history and could not bridge it or re-cross it.
Who acts: king, gulf · What happens: make, not bridge, re-cross · To what, where: gulf
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, gulf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 king | det |
| 2 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 made | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 chiefs | cc |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 chiefs | nmod:poss |
| 5 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 king | conj |
| 6 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 gulf | det |
| 8 | gulf | gulf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 made | obj |
| 9 | between | between | ADP | _ | 11 past | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 past | nmod:poss |
| 11 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 gulf | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 history | cc |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 history | nmod:poss |
| 14 | future | future | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 history | compound |
| 15 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 past | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 bridge | cc |
| 17 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 bridge | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 bridge | advmod |
| 19 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 made | obl |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 bridge | nsubj |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 re-cross | cc |
| 22 | re-cross | re-cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 made | conj |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 re-cross | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the king and king's chiefs | a gulf | between chiefs's past and past's future history | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gulf=Product | |||
| 2 | not bridge | could | gulf | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | re-cross | infinitive | the king and king's chiefs not said here | gulf | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/41/