Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 103
It was the custom of the Polynesians to throw out a taunt in a half-shouting, defiant tone.
Who acts: dance · What happens: be, throw out · To what, where: custom, taunt, half shouting
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 custom | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 custom | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 custom | det |
| 4 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Polynesians | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Polynesians | det |
| 7 | Polynesians | Polynesian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 custom | nmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 throw | mark |
| 9 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 custom | acl |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 throw | compound:prt |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 taunt | det |
| 12 | taunt | taunt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 throw | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 shouting | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 shouting | det |
| 15 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 17 shouting | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 half | punct |
| 17 | shouting | shouting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 throw | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 tone | punct |
| 19 | defiant | defiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 tone | amod |
| 20 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shouting | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 custom | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | dance | the custom | of the Polynesians | tree rules | |||
| 2 | throw out | to-infinitive | a taunt | a half shouting and defiant tone | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent taunt=Theme in shouting=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/103/