Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 10
There are several terraces showing how the precipices, cracks, and plateaus followed each other step by step down to the bed of Kilauea itself.
Who acts: several terraces, plateaus, step · What happens: be, show, follow, step · To what, where: precipices, other step
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (several terraces, plateaus, step), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 are | expl |
| 2 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 terraces | amod |
| 4 | terraces | terrace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 are | nsubj |
| 5 | showing | show | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 terraces | acl |
| 6 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 precipices | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 precipices | det |
| 8 | precipices | precipice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 showing | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 cracks | punct |
| 10 | cracks | crack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 precipices | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 followed | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 followed | cc |
| 13 | plateaus | plateau | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 followed | nsubj |
| 14 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 are | parataxis |
| 15 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 step | det |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 step | amod |
| 17 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 followed | obj |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 step | case |
| 19 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 step | nmod |
| 20 | down | down | ADV | _ | 23 bed | advmod |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 bed | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 bed | det |
| 23 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 step | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Kilauea | case |
| 25 | Kilauea | Kilauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 bed | nmod |
| 26 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 25 Kilauea | nmod:unmarked |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 are | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | several terraces | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | show | gerund | several terraces not said here | the precipices and cracks | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent precipice=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | follow | past | plateaus | each other step | by step to the bed of Kilauea step | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent step=Theme by step=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | step | step to the bed of Kilauea step | nom step «act transitive»: by=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/10/