Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 9
After these eruptions the fire-pit sank away, leaving great precipitous walls and wide cracks out of which even now pour clouds of steam of such intense heat and such powerful sulphur fumes that animals falling in are killed instantly.
Who acts: fire pit, animals · What happens: sink away, leave, pour, fall in, kill, cloud · To what, where: great precipitous walls, clouds, animals, steam
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire pit, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 eruptions | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 eruptions | det |
| 3 | eruptions | eruption | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sank | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 pit | det |
| 5 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pit | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 fire | punct |
| 7 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sank | nsubj |
| 8 | sank | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | away | away | ADV | _ | 8 sank | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 leaving | punct |
| 11 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 sank | advcl |
| 12 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 walls | amod |
| 13 | precipitous | precipitous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 walls | amod |
| 14 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leaving | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 cracks | cc |
| 16 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 cracks | amod |
| 17 | cracks | crack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 walls | conj |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 pour | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 which | case |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 pour | obl |
| 21 | even | even | ADV | _ | 23 pour | advmod |
| 22 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 pour | advmod |
| 23 | pour | pour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 leaving | advcl |
| 24 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 pour | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 steam | case |
| 26 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 clouds | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 heat | case |
| 28 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 heat | amod |
| 29 | intense | intense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 heat | amod |
| 30 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 steam | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 fumes | cc |
| 32 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 fumes | amod |
| 33 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 fumes | amod |
| 34 | sulphur | sulphur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 fumes | compound |
| 35 | fumes | fume | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 heat | conj |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 killed | obj |
| 37 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 animals | acl |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 falling | obl |
| 40 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 killed | aux:pass |
| 41 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 fumes | acl:relcl |
| 42 | instantly | instantly | ADV | _ | 41 killed | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 sank | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sink away | past | the fire pit | after this eruptions | away property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | leave | gerund | the fire pit not said here | great precipitous walls and wide cracks | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme | ||||
| 3 | pour | present | the fire pit not said here | clouds of steam of such intense heat and such powerful sulphur fumes | now | which obl | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme of which=Initial_Location | ||
| 4 | fall in | gerund | animals not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | kill | present · passive | animals | such powerful sulphur fumes obj; instantly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer that=Result | ||||
| 6 | cloud | steam of such intense heat and such powerful sulphur fumes | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/9/