Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 22
As it went westward, the character of its overflow changed, becoming explosive, hurling out cinders and ashes instead of boiling lava, so that all the land, especially toward the south and west, is covered with volcanic ash.
Who acts: crater, character · What happens: go, change, become, hurl out, boil, cover · To what, where: cinders, lava, land
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crater, character), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 went | mark |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 changed | advcl |
| 4 | westward | westward | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 character | det |
| 7 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 changed | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 overflow | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 overflow | nmod:poss |
| 10 | overflow | overflow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 character | nmod |
| 11 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 becoming | punct |
| 13 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 changed | advcl |
| 14 | explosive | explosive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 becoming | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 hurling | punct |
| 16 | hurling | hurl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 becoming | conj |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 hurling | compound:prt |
| 18 | cinders | cinder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 hurling | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ashes | cc |
| 20 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cinders | conj |
| 21 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 23 boiling | mark |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 instead | fixed |
| 23 | boiling | boil | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 hurling | advcl |
| 24 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 boiling | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 covered | punct |
| 26 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 40 covered | mark |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 land | mark |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 land | det:predet |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 land | det |
| 30 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 land | punct |
| 32 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 35 south | advmod |
| 33 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 35 south | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 south | det |
| 35 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 land | parataxis |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 west | cc |
| 37 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 south | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 land | punct |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 covered | aux:pass |
| 40 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 changed | conj |
| 41 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 ash | case |
| 42 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 ash | amod |
| 43 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 covered | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 changed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | crater | westward property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | change | past | the character of crater's overflow | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | become | gerund | the character of crater's overflow not said here | explosive property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | hurl out | gerund | the character of crater's overflow not said here | cinders and ashes | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cinder=Theme | ||||
| 5 | boil | gerund | the character of crater's overflow not said here | lava | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lava=Patient | ||||
| 6 | cover | present · passive | all land toward the south and west | with volcanic ash | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with ash=Theme | ||||
| 7 | overflow | crater | nom overflow «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/22/