The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 19
As he went on he saw before him a trail and followed it, and when he came to the head of the ravine there was a big hole in the bank, and the trail led to it.
Who acts: boy, trail · What happens: go, see, follow, come, lead · To what, where: trail, head, ravine
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, trail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 went | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 6 saw | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | ccomp |
| 7 | before | before | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | obl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 trail | det |
| 10 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 saw | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 followed | cc |
| 12 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 saw | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 followed | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 came | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 came | cc |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 came | advmod |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 came | nsubj |
| 18 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | parataxis |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 head | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 head | det |
| 21 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 came | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 ravine | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 ravine | det |
| 24 | ravine | ravine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 head | nmod |
| 25 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 26 was | expl |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 ravine | acl:relcl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 hole | det |
| 28 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 hole | amod |
| 29 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 was | nsubj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 bank | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 bank | det |
| 32 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 hole | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 led | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 led | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 trail | det |
| 36 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 led | nsubj |
| 37 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 came | conj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 it | case |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 led | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | boy | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | see | past | boy | a trail | before father | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trail=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | follow | past | boy not said here | trail | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | come | past | boy | the head of the ravine | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to head=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | lead | past | the trail | ravine | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/19/