The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 58
The people were camping along the foothills of the mountains, and one evening, after a long day’s travel, the lodges were pitched by a wooded stream, and right under a high sandstone cliff which formed one side of the valley.
Who acts: people, wooded stream, high sandstone cliff, long day · What happens: camp, pitch, wood, form, travel · To what, where: lodges, one side
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, wooded stream, high sandstone cliff, long day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 people | det |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 camping | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 camping | aux |
| 4 | camping | camp | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | along | along | ADP | _ | 7 foothills | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 foothills | det |
| 7 | foothills | foothill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 camping | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 mountains | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 mountains | det |
| 10 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 foothills | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 evening | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 evening | cc |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 evening | nummod |
| 14 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 camping | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 travel | punct |
| 16 | after | after | ADP | _ | 21 travel | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 day | det |
| 18 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 day | amod |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 travel | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 19 day | case |
| 21 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 camping | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 pitched | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 lodges | det |
| 24 | lodges | lodge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 pitched | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 pitched | aux:pass |
| 26 | pitched | pitch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 travel | acl:relcl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 stream | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 stream | det |
| 29 | wooded | wood | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 stream | amod |
| 30 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 pitched | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 right | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 right | cc |
| 33 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 travel | parataxis |
| 34 | under | under | ADP | _ | 38 cliff | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 cliff | det |
| 36 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 cliff | amod |
| 37 | sandstone | sandstone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 cliff | compound |
| 38 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 right | obl |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 formed | nsubj |
| 40 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 cliff | acl:relcl |
| 41 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 side | nummod |
| 42 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 formed | obj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 valley | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 valley | det |
| 45 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 side | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 camping | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | camp | past · progressive | the people | evening | along the foothills of the mountains; a long day's travel parataxis | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | pitch | past · passive | a wooded stream | the lodges | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | wood | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | form | past | a high sandstone cliff | one side of the valley | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location side=Theme | ||||
| 5 | travel | a long day | nom travel «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/58/