The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 70
When the man awoke, in the morning, he thought for a long time over what the bear had said to him in his sleep, and how it had said that in the time to come he would be poor no longer, but would have full life, and how it had said that it would give him that power, and he made up his mind to do as the bear had told him.
Who acts: man, power · What happens: awake, think, say, come, be, have · To what, where: bear, man, sleep, full life, power, mind · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, power), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 awoke | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 man | det |
| 3 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 awoke | nsubj |
| 4 | awoke | awake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 thought | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 morning | punct |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 morning | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 morning | det |
| 8 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 awoke | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 awoke | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 thought | nsubj |
| 11 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 time | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 time | det |
| 14 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 time | amod |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 thought | obl |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 17 what | case |
| 17 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 time | nmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 bear | det |
| 19 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 said | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 said | aux |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 what | acl:relcl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 said | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 sleep | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 sleep | nmod:poss |
| 26 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 said | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 said | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 said | cc |
| 29 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 said | advmod |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 said | nsubj |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 said | aux |
| 32 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 thought | conj |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 42 poor | mark |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 time | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 time | det |
| 36 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 poor | obl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 come | mark |
| 38 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 time | acl |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 poor | nsubj |
| 40 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 poor | aux |
| 41 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 42 poor | cop |
| 42 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 said | advcl |
| 43 | no | no | ADV | _ | 44 longer | advmod |
| 44 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 42 poor | advmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 have | punct |
| 46 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 48 have | cc |
| 47 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 have | aux |
| 48 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 said | conj |
| 49 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 life | amod |
| 50 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 have | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 said | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 said | cc |
| 53 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 56 said | advmod |
| 54 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 said | nsubj |
| 55 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 said | aux |
| 56 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 thought | conj |
| 57 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 60 give | mark |
| 58 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 give | nsubj |
| 59 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 60 give | aux |
| 60 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 said | ccomp |
| 61 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 give | iobj |
| 62 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 63 power | mark |
| 63 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 give | xcomp |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 made | punct |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 made | cc |
| 66 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 made | nsubj |
| 67 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 thought | parataxis |
| 68 | up | up | ADP | _ | 67 made | compound:prt |
| 69 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 70 mind | nmod:poss |
| 70 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 made | obj |
| 71 | to | to | PART | _ | 72 do | mark |
| 72 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 67 made | advcl |
| 73 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 77 told | mark |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 bear | det |
| 75 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 told | nsubj:pass |
| 76 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 77 told | aux |
| 77 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 72 do | advcl |
| 78 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 77 told | iobj |
| 79 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | awake | past | the man | morning | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | man | time | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past · perfect · passive | the bear | man | man's sleep | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to he=Recipient | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past · perfect | power | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | come | to-infinitive | man not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | is | would | man | time | long, poor property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | have | would | power not said here | full life | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient | ||||
| 8 | say speech: assert | past · perfect | power | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | give | would | power | power | man | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 10 | make up | past | man | man's mind | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mind=Pivot | ||||
| 11 | do | to-infinitive | man not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 12 | tell speech: assert | past · perfect · passive | the bear | man | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic | ||||
| 13 | sleep | man | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 14 | mind | man | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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