The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 71
He tore down his lodge and began to eat it, and found that this was not a hard thing to do.
Who acts: man, this · What happens: tore down, begin, eat, find, not be, do · To what, where: lodge, mind, hard thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 tore | nsubj |
| 2 | tore | tore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADP | _ | 2 tore | compound:prt |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 lodge | nmod:poss |
| 5 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 tore | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 began | cc |
| 7 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 tore | conj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 eat | mark |
| 9 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 began | xcomp |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 eat | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 found | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 found | cc |
| 13 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 tore | parataxis |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 thing | mark |
| 15 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 thing | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 thing | cop |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 thing | advmod |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 thing | det |
| 19 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 thing | amod |
| 20 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 found | ccomp |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 do | mark |
| 22 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 thing | acl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 tore | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tore down | past | man | man's lodge | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | man not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | eat | to-infinitive | man not said here | mind | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 4 | find | past | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | not is a | past | this | a hard thing | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | do | to-infinitive | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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