The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 122
“O-e-ai!” cried the old man in despair.
Who acts: e ai · What happens: cry · To what, where: old man, despair
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (e ai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 2 | O | o | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 e | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 O | punct |
| 4 | e | e | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ai | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 e | punct |
| 6 | ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cried | nsubj |
| 7 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 ai | punct |
| 9 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 man | det |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 man | amod |
| 12 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cried | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 despair | case |
| 14 | despair | despair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 man | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | e ai | the old man | despair | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/122/