The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 24
They reached the southern slopes of the low buttes one morning, after being without water all the preceding day, and prepared to camp and rest at the edge of a little grove, close to which a large, clear spring bubbled up from a pile of sunken bowlders.
Who acts: parties · What happens: reach, be, precede, prepare, camp, rest · To what, where: southern slopes, edge, large clear spring, pile
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 reached | nsubj |
| 2 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 slopes | det |
| 4 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 slopes | amod |
| 5 | slopes | slope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 reached | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 buttes | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 buttes | det |
| 8 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 buttes | amod |
| 9 | buttes | butte | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 slopes | nmod |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 morning | nummod |
| 11 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 buttes | nmod:unmarked |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 water | punct |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 16 water | case |
| 14 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 water | cop |
| 15 | without | without | ADP | _ | 16 water | case |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reached | obl |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 day | det:predet |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 day | det |
| 19 | preceding | precede | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 day | amod |
| 20 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reached | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 prepared | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 prepared | cc |
| 23 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 reached | parataxis |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 camp | case |
| 25 | camp | camp | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 prepared | xcomp |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 rest | cc |
| 27 | rest | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 camp | conj |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 edge | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 edge | det |
| 30 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 rest | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 grove | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 grove | det |
| 33 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 grove | amod |
| 34 | grove | grove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 edge | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 close | punct |
| 36 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 grove | amod |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 which | case |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 close | conj |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 spring | det |
| 40 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 spring | amod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 large | punct |
| 42 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 spring | amod |
| 43 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 which | nsubj |
| 44 | bubbled | bubble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 spring | acl |
| 45 | up | up | ADP | _ | 44 bubbled | compound:prt |
| 46 | from | from | ADP | _ | 48 pile | case |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 pile | det |
| 48 | pile | pile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 bubbled | obl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 bowlders | case |
| 50 | sunken | sunken | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 bowlders | amod |
| 51 | bowlders | bowlder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 pile | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | parties = party | the southern slopes of the low buttes one morning | day | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent slope=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | gerund | after water | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | precede | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | prepare | participle | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute | ||||||
| 5 | camp not said to happen | infinitive | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | rest | infinitive | the edge of a little grove | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at edge=Location | |||||
| 7 | bubble up | participle | a large clear spring not said here | a pile of sunken bowlders | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from pile=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/24/