The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 25
They did not know that a large camp of Kutenais was just behind the hills where they stopped, and that one of their hunters, seeing them coming, had hurried home and spread the news.
Who acts: parties, large camp, hunters · What happens: not know, be, stop, see, come, hurry · To what, where: hills, parties, one, news · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parties, large camp, hunters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 know | advmod |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 hills | mark |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 camp | det |
| 7 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 camp | amod |
| 8 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hills | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Kutenais | case |
| 10 | Kutenais | Kutenais | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 camp | nmod |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hills | cop |
| 12 | just | just | ADV | _ | 15 hills | advmod |
| 13 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 15 hills | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hills | det |
| 15 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 know | ccomp |
| 16 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 stopped | advmod |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 stopped | nsubj |
| 18 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hills | acl:relcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hurried | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 hurried | cc |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 22 one | mark |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 hurried | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 hunters | case |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 hunters | nmod:poss |
| 25 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 hurried | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 seeing | punct |
| 27 | seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 hunters | acl |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 seeing | obj |
| 29 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 seeing | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 hunters | punct |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 hurried | aux |
| 32 | hurried | hurry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 stopped | conj |
| 33 | home | home | ADV | _ | 32 hurried | advmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 spread | cc |
| 35 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 hurried | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 news | det |
| 37 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 spread | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not know | past · do-support | parties = party | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | a large camp of Kutenais | the hills | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stop | past | parties = party | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | see | gerund | parties's hunters not said here | parties = party | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | come | gerund | parties's hunters not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | hurry | past · perfect · passive | one | of parties's hunters; home property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme of hunter=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | spread | past | the news | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location news=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/25/