The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 26
Su-yé-sai-pi had scarcely started a fire when the warriors from the camp were seen to be approaching the little party from all directions, completely hemming them in.
Who acts: yé sai pi · What happens: start, see, approach, hem in · To what, where: fire, warriors, little party, directions, parties
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (yé sai pi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Su | Su | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 yé | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Su | punct |
| 3 | yé | yé | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pi | compound |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 sai | punct |
| 5 | sai | sai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pi | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 sai | punct |
| 7 | pi | pi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 started | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 started | aux |
| 9 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 10 started | advmod |
| 10 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 fire | det |
| 12 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 started | obj |
| 13 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 20 seen | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 warriors | det |
| 15 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 camp | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 camp | det |
| 18 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 warriors | nmod |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 seen | aux:pass |
| 20 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 started | advcl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 approaching | mark |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 approaching | aux |
| 23 | approaching | approach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 seen | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 party | det |
| 25 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 party | amod |
| 26 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 approaching | obj |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 directions | case |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 directions | det |
| 29 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 approaching | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hemming | punct |
| 31 | completely | completely | ADV | _ | 32 hemming | advmod |
| 32 | hemming | hem | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 approaching | conj |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hemming | obj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 hemming | compound:prt |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past · perfect | yé sai pi | a fire | scarcely property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | see | past · passive | the warriors from the camp | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | approach | to-infinitive · progressive | the little party | all directions | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hem in | gerund | parties = party | completely property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/26/