Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 103

In some of the stories it may be noticed that articles such as plates, glasses, bottles of gin, brass pans, and pots have been mentioned, also the use of locks and keys has been introduced into at least one of the tales, although it is quite obvious that the above-mentioned articles could not have existed in this country when the majority of the stories were first related, I have written them down when they were so translated by the interpreter.

Who acts: way, majority, I, interpreter · What happens: notice, mention, introduce, be, not exist, write down · To what, where: some, pots, use, mentioned articles, country, STORIES

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, majority, I, interpreter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 some	case
2	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 noticed	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 stories	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stories	det
5	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 some	nmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 noticed	nsubj:pass
7	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 noticed	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 noticed	aux:pass
9	noticed	notice	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	that	that	ADP	_	11 articles	case
11	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 noticed	obl
12	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	14 plates	case
13	as	as	ADP	_	12 such	fixed
14	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 articles	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 glasses	punct
16	glasses	glass	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 plates	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 bottles	punct
18	bottles	bottle	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 plates	conj
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 gin	case
20	gin	gin	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 bottles	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 pans	punct
22	brass	brass	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 pans	compound
23	pans	pan	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 plates	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 mentioned	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 mentioned	cc
26	pots	pot	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 mentioned	nsubj:pass
27	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 mentioned	aux
28	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	29 mentioned	aux:pass
29	mentioned	mention	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 noticed	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 use	punct
31	also	also	ADV	_	33 use	advmod
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 use	det
33	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 introduced	nsubj:pass
34	of	of	ADP	_	35 locks	case
35	locks	lock	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 use	nmod
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 keys	cc
37	keys	key	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 locks	conj
38	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 introduced	aux
39	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	40 introduced	aux:pass
40	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	29 mentioned	parataxis
41	into	into	ADP	_	44 one	case
42	at	at	ADP	_	43 least	case
43	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	44 one	nmod
44	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	40 introduced	obl
45	of	of	ADP	_	47 tales	case
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 tales	det
47	tales	tale	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 one	nmod
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 obvious	punct
49	although	although	SCONJ	_	53 obvious	mark
50	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	53 obvious	nsubj
51	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	53 obvious	cop
52	quite	quite	ADV	_	53 obvious	advmod
53	obvious	obvious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 introduced	parataxis
54	that	that	SCONJ	_	63 existed	mark
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	59 articles	det
56	above	above	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 mentioned	compound
57	-	-	PUNCT	_	56 above	punct
58	mentioned	mention	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	59 articles	amod
59	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	63 existed	nsubj:pass
60	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	63 existed	aux
61	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	63 existed	advmod
62	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	63 existed	aux
63	existed	exist	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	53 obvious	advcl
64	in	in	ADP	_	66 country	case
65	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	66 country	det
66	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	63 existed	obl
67	when	when	SCONJ	_	75 related	mark
68	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	69 majority	det
69	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	75 related	nsubj
70	of	of	ADP	_	72 stories	case
71	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	72 stories	det
72	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	69 majority	nmod
73	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	75 related	cop
74	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	75 related	advmod
75	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	63 existed	advcl
76	,	,	PUNCT	_	79 written	punct
77	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	79 written	nsubj
78	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	79 written	aux
79	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	75 related	advcl
80	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	79 written	obj
81	down	down	ADP	_	79 written	compound:prt
82	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	86 translated	advmod
83	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	86 translated	nsubj:pass
84	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	86 translated	aux:pass
85	so	so	ADV	_	86 translated	advmod
86	translated	translate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	79 written	conj
87	by	by	ADP	_	89 interpreter	case
88	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	89 interpreter	det
89	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	Number=Sing	86 translated	obl:agent
90	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 noticed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	notice	may · passive		some of the stories		that articles such plates and glasses and bottles of gin and brass pans; way nsubj:pass	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
2	mention speech: other	present · perfect · passive		pots			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
3	introduce	present · perfect · passive		the use of locks and keys		into one at least of the tales	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	is	present	way			obvious property	tree rules
5	mention speech: other	participle					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
6	not exist	could · perfect · passive		the mentioned articles	this country		tree rules
7	is	past	the majority of the stories			first, related property	tree rules
8	write down	present · perfect	I	STORIES = story			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
9	translate	past · passive	the interpreter	STORIES = story			vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
10	use			locks and keys			nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/103/

🌲 Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 103

The tree

Pragmatics

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 103