Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 104
It is not difficult to understand how some of the things crept into the stories.
Who acts: some · What happens: not be, understand, creep · To what, where: stories
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 difficult | expl |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 difficult | cop |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 difficult | advmod |
| 4 | difficult | difficult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 understand | mark |
| 6 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 difficult | xcomp |
| 7 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 crept | advmod |
| 8 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 crept | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 things | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 things | det |
| 11 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 some | nmod |
| 12 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 understand | advcl |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 stories | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 stories | det |
| 15 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 crept | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 difficult | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | difficult property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | understand | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | creep | past | some of the things | the stories | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into story=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/104/