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home / corpora / tales / Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria / Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine. / 44

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 44

When they had gone a little distance the father alligator went to the house where the hare had been, and when he looked in he found only his eldest son who had been painted, so he asked him where the other children were, and his son replied that the hare had eaten one of his brothers or sisters every night until he was the only one left.

Who acts: alligators, father alligator, iguana, other children, son · What happens: go, look, find, paint, ask, be · To what, where: little distance, eldest son, fish, hare, only one · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (alligators, father alligator, iguana, other children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodnsubjauxdetamodobjdetcompoundnsubjacl:relclcasedetobladvmoddetnsubjauxacl:relclpunctccadvmodnsubjparataxismarknsubjadvcladvmodnmod:possamodobjnsubjauxaux:passacl:relclpunctadvmodnsubjparataxisiobjadvmoddetamodnsubjccomppunctccnmod:possnsubjparataxismarkdetnsubj:passauxadvclobjcasenmod:possnmodccconjdetobl:unmarkedmarknsubjcopdetamodparataxisaclpunctrootWhenADVtheyPRONhadAUXgoneVERBaDETlittleADJdistanceNOUNtheDETfatherNOUNalligatorNOUNwentVERBtoADPtheDEThouseNOUNwhereADVtheDEThareNOUNhadAUXbeenAUX,PUNCTandCCONJwhenADVhePRONlookedVERBinSCONJhePRONfoundVERBonlyADVhisPRONeldestADJsonNOUNwhoPRONhadAUXbeenAUXpaintedVERB,PUNCTsoADVhePRONaskedVERBhimPRONwhereADVtheDETotherADJchildrenNOUNwereVERB,PUNCTandCCONJhisPRONsonNOUNrepliedVERBthatSCONJtheDEThareNOUNhadAUXeatenVERBoneNUMofADPhisPRONbrothersNOUNorCCONJsistersNOUNeveryDETnightNOUNuntilSCONJhePRONwasAUXtheDETonlyADJoneNOUNleftVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhenwhenADVPronType=Int4 goneadvmod
2theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs4 gonensubj
3hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 goneaux
4gonegoVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Partrootroot
5aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 distancedet
6littlelittleADJDegree=Pos7 distanceamod
7distancedistanceNOUNNumber=Sing4 goneobj
8thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 alligatordet
9fatherfatherNOUNNumber=Sing10 alligatorcompound
10alligatoralligatorNOUNNumber=Sing11 wentnsubj
11wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 distanceacl:relcl
12totoADP_14 housecase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 housedet
14househouseNOUNNumber=Sing11 wentobl
15wherewhereADVPronType=Rel19 beenadvmod
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 haredet
17harehareNOUNNumber=Sing19 beennsubj
18hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin19 beenaux
19beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part14 houseacl:relcl
20,,PUNCT_24 lookedpunct
21andandCCONJ_24 lookedcc
22whenwhenADVPronType=Int24 lookedadvmod
23hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs24 lookednsubj
24lookedlookVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 goneparataxis
25ininSCONJ_27 foundmark
26hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs27 foundnsubj
27foundfindVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 lookedadvcl
28onlyonlyADV_31 sonadvmod
29hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs31 sonnmod:poss
30eldesteldADJDegree=Sup31 sonamod
31sonsonNOUNNumber=Sing27 foundobj
32whowhoPRONPronType=Rel35 paintednsubj
33hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 paintedaux
34beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part35 paintedaux:pass
35paintedpaintVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass31 sonacl:relcl
36,,PUNCT_39 askedpunct
37sosoADV_39 askedadvmod
38hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs39 askednsubj
39askedaskVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 lookedparataxis
40himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs39 askediobj
41wherewhereADVPronType=Rel45 wereadvmod
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 childrendet
43otherotherADJDegree=Pos44 childrenamod
44childrenchildNOUNNumber=Plur45 werensubj
45werebeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin39 askedccomp
46,,PUNCT_50 repliedpunct
47andandCCONJ_50 repliedcc
48hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs49 sonnmod:poss
49sonsonNOUNNumber=Sing50 repliednsubj
50repliedreplyVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin39 askedparataxis
51thatthatSCONJ_55 eatenmark
52thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art53 haredet
53harehareNOUNNumber=Sing55 eatennsubj:pass
54hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin55 eatenaux
55eateneatVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass50 repliedadvcl
56oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card55 eatenobj
57ofofADP_59 brotherscase
58hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs59 brothersnmod:poss
59brothersbrotherNOUNNumber=Plur56 onenmod
60ororCCONJ_61 sisterscc
61sisterssisterNOUNNumber=Plur59 brothersconj
62everyeveryDETPronType=Tot63 nightdet
63nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing55 eatenobl:unmarked
64untiluntilSCONJ_69 onemark
65hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs69 onensubj
66wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin69 onecop
67thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art69 onedet
68onlyonlyADJDegree=Pos69 oneamod
69oneoneNOUNNumber=Sing55 eatenparataxis
70leftleaveVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass69 oneacl
71..PUNCT_4 gonepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1gopast · perfectalligators = alligatora little distancevn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location distance=Theme
2gopastthe father alligatora little distance not said hereto the housetree rules
3lookpastiguanavn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
4findpastiguanaiguana's eldest sonvn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Topic
5paintpast · perfect · passiveiguana's eldest sonvn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
6ask speech: askpastiguanafishvn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
7bepastthe other childrenvn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8reply speech: assertpastiguana's sonvn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9eatpast · perfect · passivethe harenightone of iguana's brothers or sisters objtree rules
10is apastiguanathe only onetree rules
11leaveparticiplethe only one not said herevn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/44/