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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 11

He went on and on until he thought the Elephantiasis must be a long way behind, and it would be safe to stop for a time, so when he came to a small compound where the people were having their evening meal he went in and told them that he was being chased, and that the enemy were following him.

Who acts: Elephantiasis, thing, people, enemy · What happens: go, think, be, stop, come, have · To what, where: long way, small compound, evening meal, people, Elephantiasis · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephantiasis, thing, people, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjadvmodccconjmarknsubjadvcldetnsubjauxcopdetamodccompadvmodpunctccnsubjauxcopccompmarkadvclcasedetoblpunctadvmodadvmodnsubjparataxiscasedetamodobladvmoddetnsubjauxacl:relclnmod:posscompoundobjnsubjacl:relcladvmodccconjiobjmarknsubj:passaux:passaux:passccomppunctccmarkdetnsubjauxadvclobjpunctrootHePRONwentVERBonADVandCCONJonADVuntilSCONJhePRONthoughtVERBtheDETElephantiasisNOUNmustAUXbeAUXaDETlongADJwayNOUNbehindADV,PUNCTandCCONJitPRONwouldAUXbeAUXsafeADJtoPARTstopVERBforADPaDETtimeNOUN,PUNCTsoADVwhenADVhePRONcameVERBtoADPaDETsmallADJcompoundNOUNwhereADVtheDETpeopleNOUNwereAUXhavingVERBtheirPRONeveningNOUNmealNOUNhePRONwentVERBinADVandCCONJtoldVERBthemPRONthatSCONJhePRONwasAUXbeingAUXchasedVERB,PUNCTandCCONJthatSCONJtheDETenemyNOUNwereAUXfollowingVERBhimPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs2 wentnsubj
2wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3ononADV_2 wentadvmod
4andandCCONJ_5 oncc
5ononADV_3 onconj
6untiluntilSCONJ_8 thoughtmark
7hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs8 thoughtnsubj
8thoughtthinkVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 wentadvcl
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 Elephantiasisdet
10ElephantiasiselephantiasisNOUNNumber=Sing15 waynsubj
11mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin15 wayaux
12bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf15 waycop
13aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art15 waydet
14longlongADJDegree=Pos15 wayamod
15waywayNOUNNumber=Sing8 thoughtccomp
16behindbehindADV_15 wayadvmod
17,,PUNCT_22 safepunct
18andandCCONJ_22 safecc
19ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs22 safensubj
20wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin22 safeaux
21bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf22 safecop
22safesafeADJDegree=Pos8 thoughtccomp
23totoPART_24 stopmark
24stopstopVERBVerbForm=Inf22 safeadvcl
25forforADP_27 timecase
26aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art27 timedet
27timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing24 stopobl
28,,PUNCT_32 camepunct
29sosoADV_32 cameadvmod
30whenwhenADVPronType=Int32 cameadvmod
31hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs32 camensubj
32camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 wentparataxis
33totoADP_36 compoundcase
34aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art36 compounddet
35smallsmallADJDegree=Pos36 compoundamod
36compoundcompoundNOUNNumber=Sing32 cameobl
37wherewhereADVPronType=Rel41 havingadvmod
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 peopledet
39peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur41 havingnsubj
40werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin41 havingaux
41havinghaveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part36 compoundacl:relcl
42theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs44 mealnmod:poss
43eveningeveningNOUNNumber=Sing44 mealcompound
44mealmealNOUNNumber=Sing41 havingobj
45hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs46 wentnsubj
46wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin44 mealacl:relcl
47ininADV_46 wentadvmod
48andandCCONJ_49 toldcc
49toldtellVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin32 cameconj
50themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs49 toldiobj
51thatthatSCONJ_55 chasedmark
52hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs55 chasednsubj:pass
53wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin55 chasedaux:pass
54beingbeAUXTense=Pres VerbForm=Part55 chasedaux:pass
55chasedchaseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass49 toldccomp
56,,PUNCT_62 followingpunct
57andandCCONJ_62 followingcc
58thatthatSCONJ_62 followingmark
59thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art60 enemydet
60enemyenemyNOUNNumber=Sing62 followingnsubj
61werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin62 followingaux
62followingfollowVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part2 wentadvcl
63himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs62 followingobj
64..PUNCT_2 wentpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1gopastElephantiasisvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2think speech: otherpastElephantiasisvn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3is amustthe Elephantiasisa long waybehind propertytree rules
4iswouldthingsafe propertytree rules
5stopto-infinitivething not said heretimevn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
6comepastElephantiasisa small compoundvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to compound=Initial_Location
7havepast · progressivethe peoplepeople's evening mealvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient
8go inpastElephantiasispeople's evening meal not said herevn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location meal=Theme
9tell speech: assertpastElephantiasis not said herepeoplevn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic
10chasepast · passiveElephantiasisvn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
11followpast · progressivethe enemyElephantiasisvn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/11/