Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 26
About a month afterwards the ju-ju began to work, and Chief Erim felt sick; he coughed all day, and one side became useless so that he could not walk.
Who acts: ju, Chief Erim, one side · What happens: begin, work, feel, cough, become, not walk
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ju, Chief Erim, one side), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 9 began | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 month | det |
| 3 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 About | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 9 began | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ju | det |
| 6 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 began | nsubj |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 ju | punct |
| 8 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 ju | appos |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 work | mark |
| 11 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 began | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 felt | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 felt | cc |
| 14 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Erim | compound |
| 15 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 felt | nsubj |
| 16 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 began | conj |
| 17 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 felt | xcomp |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 coughed | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 coughed | nsubj |
| 20 | coughed | cough | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 began | conj |
| 21 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 day | det |
| 22 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 coughed | obl:unmarked |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 became | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 became | cc |
| 25 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 side | nummod |
| 26 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 became | nsubj |
| 27 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 coughed | conj |
| 28 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 became | xcomp |
| 29 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 34 walk | mark |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 so | fixed |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 walk | nsubj |
| 32 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 walk | aux |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 walk | advmod |
| 34 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 became | xcomp |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the ju | about, afterwards property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | work | to-infinitive | the ju not said here | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | feel | past | Chief Erim | sick property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | cough | past | ju | day | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | become | past | one side | useless property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | not walk | could | ju | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/26/