Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 32
The bush cow would not believe the cow at first, and all the birds continued to laugh at him.
Who acts: bush cow, birds · What happens: not believe, continue, laugh · To what, where: cow
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush cow, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cow | det |
| 2 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cow | compound |
| 3 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 believe | nsubj |
| 4 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 believe | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 believe | advmod |
| 6 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cow | det |
| 8 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 believe | obj |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 first | case |
| 10 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 6 believe | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 continued | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 continued | cc |
| 13 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 birds | det:predet |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 birds | det |
| 15 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 continued | nsubj |
| 16 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 believe | parataxis |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 laugh | mark |
| 18 | laugh | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 continued | xcomp |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 laugh | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not believe | would | the bush cow | the cow | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cow=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | continue | past | all birds | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | laugh | to-infinitive | all birds not said here | at antelope | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/32/