Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 33
At last, however, the bush cow did as the cock suggested, to find out if what he had said was true, and at once the hawk flew up and was seen by the bush cow who at once galloped off and told the antelope that he had found the hawk and had very nearly caught him with his hoof.
Who acts: bush cow, cock, antelope, hawk · What happens: do, suggest, find out, say, be, fly up · To what, where: last, bush cow, antelope, hawk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush cow, cock, antelope, hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 did | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 last | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 9 did | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cow | det |
| 7 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cow | compound |
| 8 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 did | nsubj |
| 9 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 suggested | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 cock | det |
| 12 | cock | cock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 suggested | nsubj |
| 13 | suggested | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 did | advcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 find | punct |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 find | mark |
| 16 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 suggested | ccomp |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 find | compound:prt |
| 18 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 true | mark |
| 19 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 24 true | nsubj |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | aux |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 what | acl:relcl |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 true | cop |
| 24 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 find | xcomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 flew | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 flew | cc |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 once | case |
| 28 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 31 flew | obl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hawk | det |
| 30 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 flew | nsubj |
| 31 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 did | parataxis |
| 32 | up | up | ADP | _ | 31 flew | compound:prt |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 seen | cc |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 seen | aux:pass |
| 35 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 flew | conj |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 cow | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 cow | det |
| 38 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 cow | compound |
| 39 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 seen | obl |
| 40 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 galloped | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 43 galloped | mark |
| 42 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 43 galloped | advmod |
| 43 | galloped | gallop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 cow | acl:relcl |
| 44 | off | off | ADP | _ | 43 galloped | compound:prt |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 told | cc |
| 46 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 seen | conj |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 antelope | det |
| 48 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 told | iobj |
| 49 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 52 found | mark |
| 50 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 found | nsubj |
| 51 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 found | aux |
| 52 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 46 told | ccomp |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 hawk | det |
| 54 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 found | obj |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 had | cc |
| 56 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 found | conj |
| 57 | very | very | ADV | _ | 58 nearly | advmod |
| 58 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 59 caught | advmod |
| 59 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 had | advcl |
| 60 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 caught | obj |
| 61 | with | with | ADP | _ | 63 hoof | case |
| 62 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 63 hoof | nmod:poss |
| 63 | hoof | hoof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 caught | obl |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 did | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | the bush cow | last | however property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | suggest speech: suggest | past | the cock | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | find out | to-infinitive | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past · perfect | antelope | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | what nsubj; true property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | fly up | past | the hawk | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent at once=Location | |||||
| 7 | see | past · passive | the bush cow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | gallop off | participle · passive | the bush cow | once property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Agent | ||||
| 9 | tell speech: assert | past | the bush cow not said here | the antelope | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent antelope=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 10 | find | past · perfect | antelope | the hawk | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hawk=Topic | ||||
| 11 | have | past | antelope not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 12 | catch | past | antelope not said here | antelope | with antelope's hoof; nearly property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/33/