Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 86
When the time for collecting mushrooms arrived, which is the beginning of the rainy season, about the month of May, Igiri went out with her basket to collect mushrooms for their food, and her husband went with her.
Who acts: time, Igiri, husband · What happens: collect, arrive, be, go out, go · To what, where: mushrooms, beginning
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, Igiri, husband), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 arrived | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 arrived | nsubj |
| 4 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 5 collecting | mark |
| 5 | collecting | collect | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 time | acl |
| 6 | mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 collecting | obj |
| 7 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 went | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 beginning | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 beginning | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 beginning | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 beginning | det |
| 12 | beginning | beginning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 arrived | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 season | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 season | det |
| 15 | rainy | rainy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 season | amod |
| 16 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 beginning | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 month | punct |
| 18 | about | about | ADP | _ | 20 month | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 month | det |
| 20 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 arrived | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 May | case |
| 22 | May | May | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 month | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 arrived | punct |
| 24 | Igiri | Igiri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 went | nsubj |
| 25 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 26 | out | out | ADV | _ | 25 went | advmod |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 basket | case |
| 28 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 basket | nmod:poss |
| 29 | basket | basket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 went | obl |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 collect | mark |
| 31 | collect | collect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 went | advcl |
| 32 | mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 collect | obj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 food | case |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 food | nmod:poss |
| 35 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 collect | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 went | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 went | cc |
| 38 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 husband | nmod:poss |
| 39 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 went | nsubj |
| 40 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 went | conj |
| 41 | with | with | ADP | _ | 42 her | case |
| 42 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 went | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | collect | gerund | the time not said here | mushrooms | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mushroom=Theme | ||||
| 2 | arrive | past | the time | month | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | the beginning | season | which nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | go out | past | Igiri | with INKANG's basket; out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with basket=Co-Agent | ||||
| 5 | collect | to-infinitive | Igiri not said here | mushrooms | for IGIRI's food | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mushroom=Theme | |||
| 6 | go | past | INKANG's husband | with INKANG | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with she=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/86/