Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 87
When they arrived at the forest they separated, Igiri going in one direction and Inkang going off in another, but not so far away that they could not hear one another shout.
Who acts: IGIRI · What happens: arrive, separate, go, go off, not hear · To what, where: forest, one direction, another, one
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (IGIRI), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 arrived | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 arrived | nsubj |
| 3 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 forest | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 forest | det |
| 6 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 arrived | obl |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 separated | nsubj |
| 8 | separated | separate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 forest | acl:relcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 going | punct |
| 10 | Igiri | Igiri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 going | nsubj |
| 11 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 arrived | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 direction | case |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 direction | nummod |
| 14 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 going | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Inkang | cc |
| 16 | Inkang | Inkang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 direction | conj |
| 17 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 going | parataxis |
| 18 | off | off | ADP | _ | 17 going | compound:prt |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 another | case |
| 20 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 going | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 away | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 away | cc |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 away | advmod |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 away | advmod |
| 25 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 away | advmod |
| 26 | away | away | ADV | _ | 3 arrived | advmod |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 hear | mark |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 hear | nsubj |
| 29 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 hear | aux |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 hear | advmod |
| 31 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 away | advcl |
| 32 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 hear | obj |
| 33 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 shout | det |
| 34 | shout | shout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hear | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 arrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | past | IGIRI | the forest | away property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | separate | past | IGIRI | the forest not said here | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient | ||||
| 3 | go | gerund | Igiri | one direction and Inkang | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in direction=Location | ||||
| 4 | go off | gerund | another | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in another=Location | |||||
| 5 | not hear | could | IGIRI | one | another shout obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/87/