Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 67
Now, Chief Leku was a hunter, and made his living by killing animals (bush cows, buck, and kobs) and selling their meat.
Who acts: Chief, hunter · What happens: be, make, kill, sell, live · To what, where: hunter, living, animals, meat
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, hunter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 Chief | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 hunter | nsubj |
| 4 | Leku | Leku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Chief | flat |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 hunter | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hunter | det |
| 7 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 made | cc |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 hunter | acl:relcl |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 living | nmod:poss |
| 12 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obj |
| 13 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 14 killing | mark |
| 14 | killing | kill | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 made | advcl |
| 15 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 killing | obj |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 18 cows | punct |
| 17 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cows | compound |
| 18 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 animals | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 buck | punct |
| 20 | buck | buck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cows | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 kobs | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 kobs | cc |
| 23 | kobs | kob | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 hunter | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 kobs | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 selling | cc |
| 26 | selling | sell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 hunter | conj |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 meat | nmod:poss |
| 28 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 selling | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 hunter | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Chief | a hunter | kobs appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | past | a hunter not said here | Chief's living | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset living=Product | ||||
| 3 | kill | gerund | a hunter not said here | animals and bush cows and buck | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | ||||
| 4 | sell | gerund | Chief not said here | kobs's meat | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Theme | ||||
| 5 | live | Chief | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/67/