Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 68
He had five dogs who were very clever, and had been taught to follow animals by scent.
Who acts: Chief, five dogs · What happens: have, be, teach, follow · To what, where: five dogs, animals
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, five dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 dogs | nummod |
| 4 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 clever | nsubj |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 clever | cop |
| 7 | very | very | ADV | _ | 8 clever | advmod |
| 8 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 dogs | acl:relcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 taught | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 taught | cc |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 taught | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 taught | aux:pass |
| 13 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 had | conj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 follow | mark |
| 15 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 taught | xcomp |
| 16 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 follow | obj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 scent | case |
| 18 | scent | scent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 follow | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Chief | five dogs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | past | five dogs | clever property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | teach speech: other | past · perfect · passive | Chief not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | follow | to-infinitive | Chief not said here | animals | by scent | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent animal=Theme by scent=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/68/