Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 40

But, just as he was going to take out a piece of meat, he happened to look up and saw the skin of the grasshopper, which was so lifelike that it deceived him into thinking that it really was his friend on the wall, so he pulled his hand out of the pot and said, trying to laugh, “It is all right, Dabi, my friend, I was not going to eat anything, I just came in to see what the food was like.”

Who acts: grasshopper, skin, hand, food · What happens: go, take out, happen, look up, see, be · To what, where: piece, skin, grasshopper, friend, wall, hand · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grasshopper, skin, hand, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	17 happened	cc
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 going	punct
3	just	just	ADV	_	7 going	advmod
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 going	mark
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 going	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 going	aux
7	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 happened	advcl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 take	mark
9	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 going	xcomp
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 take	compound:prt
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 piece	det
12	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 take	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 meat	case
14	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 piece	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 going	punct
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 happened	nsubj
17	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	to	to	PART	_	19 look	mark
19	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 happened	xcomp
20	up	up	ADP	_	19 look	compound:prt
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 saw	cc
22	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 happened	conj
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 skin	det
24	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 saw	obj
25	of	of	ADP	_	27 grasshopper	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 grasshopper	det
27	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 skin	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 lifelike	punct
29	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	32 lifelike	nsubj
30	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 lifelike	cop
31	so	so	ADV	_	32 lifelike	advmod
32	lifelike	lifelike	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 grasshopper	conj
33	that	that	SCONJ	_	35 deceived	mark
34	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 deceived	nsubj
35	deceived	deceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 lifelike	advcl
36	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 deceived	obj
37	into	into	SCONJ	_	38 thinking	mark
38	thinking	think	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	35 deceived	advcl
39	that	that	ADP	_	40 it	case
40	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 thinking	obl
41	really	really	ADV	_	44 friend	advmod
42	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	44 friend	cop
43	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	44 friend	nmod:poss
44	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 thinking	obl
45	on	on	ADP	_	47 wall	case
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 wall	det
47	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 friend	nmod
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 pulled	punct
49	so	so	ADV	_	51 pulled	advmod
50	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 pulled	nsubj
51	pulled	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 happened	parataxis
52	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	53 hand	nmod:poss
53	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 pulled	obj
54	out	out	ADP	_	57 pot	case
55	of	of	ADP	_	57 pot	case
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 pot	det
57	pot	pot	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 pulled	obl
58	and	and	CCONJ	_	59 said	cc
59	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	51 pulled	conj
60	,	,	PUNCT	_	61 trying	punct
61	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	59 said	advcl
62	to	to	PART	_	63 laugh	mark
63	laugh	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	61 trying	xcomp
64	,	,	PUNCT	_	69 right	punct
65	“	"	PUNCT	_	69 right	punct
66	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	69 right	nsubj
67	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	69 right	cop
68	all	all	ADV	_	69 right	advmod
69	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 said	conj
70	,	,	PUNCT	_	71 Dabi	punct
71	Dabi	Dabi	PROPN	Number=Sing	69 right	obl
72	,	,	PUNCT	_	74 friend	punct
73	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	74 friend	nmod:poss
74	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	71 Dabi	appos
75	,	,	PUNCT	_	79 going	punct
76	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	79 going	nsubj
77	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	79 going	aux
78	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	79 going	advmod
79	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	59 said	advcl
80	to	to	PART	_	81 eat	mark
81	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	79 going	xcomp
82	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	81 eat	obj
83	,	,	PUNCT	_	86 came	punct
84	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	86 came	nsubj
85	just	just	ADV	_	86 came	advmod
86	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 happened	parataxis
87	in	in	ADV	_	86 came	advmod
88	to	to	PART	_	89 see	mark
89	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	86 came	advcl
90	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	94 like	obj
91	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	92 food	det
92	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	94 like	nsubj
93	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	94 like	cop
94	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	89 see	ccomp
95	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 happened	punct
96	”	"	PUNCT	_	17 happened	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	go	past · progressive	grasshopper				vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	take out	to-infinitive	grasshopper not said here	a piece of meat			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme
3	happen	past	grasshopper				tree rules
4	look up	to-infinitive	grasshopper not said here				vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
5	see	past	grasshopper not said here	the skin of the grasshopper			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skin=Stimulus
6	is	past	the grasshopper			lifelike property	tree rules
7	deceive	past	skin	grasshopper			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient
8	think speech: other	gerund	skin not said here			that skin	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	is a	past		grasshopper's friend	the wall	grasshopper nmod:poss	tree rules
10	pull	past	grasshopper	grasshopper's hand	the pot		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme out pot=Initial_Location
11	say speech: assert	past	grasshopper not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
12	try	gerund	grasshopper not said here				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
13	laugh not said to happen	to-infinitive	grasshopper not said here				vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
14	is in a quote	present	hand			Dabi obl; all, right property	tree rules
15	not go in a quote	past · progressive	grasshopper				vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
16	eat in a quote	to-infinitive	grasshopper not said here	anything			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient
17	come in in a quote	past	grasshopper				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
18	see in a quote	to-infinitive	grasshopper not said here				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
19	is in a quote	past	the food			what obj; like property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 40

The tree

Pragmatics

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 40